¿Cómo mejorar el desempeño de los equipos multiculturales? La diversidad como fuente de valor social

Laura Esmeralda  Guzmán-Rodríguez; María del Mar   Bornay-Barrachina; Amaia Arizkuren-Eleta

doi:10.18543/bee.2228

Laura Esmeralda Guzmán-Rodríguez Tecnológico de Monterrey, México
María del Mar Bornay-Barrachina Universidad de Cádiz, España
Amaia Arizkuren-Eleta Universidad de Deusto, España

Palabras clave: equipo multicultural, desempeño, liderazgo transformacional, experiencia internacional, sensibilidad cultural, adaptación

Resumen

La comprensión de la diversidad cultural laboral aún es limitada (Jang, 2017). Este estudio responde a la necesidad detectada (Arslan et al., 2021) de analizar mejor la relación entre el desempeño de los equipos multiculturales y las características de sus integrantes. Presentamos un análisis de la influencia del liderazgo transformacional, la experiencia previa internacional, la sensibilidad cultural y la adaptación al equipo sobre dicho desempeño. La información ha sido obtenida de 415 miembros de equipos multiculturales. Las pruebas estadísticas realizadas comprenden un análisis de fiabilidad y validez de las medidas con EQS, un análisis ANOVA para identificar las diferencias significativas a través de la comparación de las medias de las muestras y un análisis de regresión para testar las hipótesis. El número de nacionalidades, la etapa del proyecto, el género y el apoyo organizativo han sido variables de control en el modelo empírico. Respecto al grupo de integrantes, los resultados confirman que existe una relación positiva entre el liderazgo transformacional, la experiencia internacional previa, la sensibilidad cultural, la adaptación y el desempeño general del equipo. El grupo de líderes, por el contrario, solamente considera a la sensibilidad cultural como un factor importante que afecta el desempeño.

Recibido: 22 octubre 2021
Aceptado: 14 febrero 2022

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